On the Role of Humans in Enterprise Control Systems: the Experience of INSPECT

In this paper, we use the example of a successful mixedinitiative plan evaluation tool for the domain of air campaign planning to argue that the human-in-the-loop is an important feature of enterprise control systems. Our tool, called INSPECT, evaluates air campaign plans and alerts the user about inconsistencies and potential problems. A generalization of INSPECT called PSMTool is also capable of limited interaction with a subject matter expert to capture new critiques of plans. The paper describes our work on INSPECT and PSMTool, analyzes the key contributions of these tools, and draws some conclusions about the role of mixed-initiative tools in enterprise control systems.